Peter Arcidiacono is a labor economist best known for his work in three areas: college major choice, affirmative action in higher education, and structural estimation of dynamic discrete choice models.

He is a fellow of the Econometric Society and the International Association of Applied Econometricians. He is also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute. He served as an expert witness for the plaintiffs in the Supreme Court cases SFFA v. Harvard and SFFA v. UNC, examining the role race played in the admissions process at both institutions. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1999.